1. , , '-- - ' '", "'', -, --'', '- (-' ' --'" '' -'' '-).

2. W. Eichrodt, The Theology of the Old Testament, ...

3. ' "'' ' - '- ' '' '

4. '-- ' - '"" '- ' -' '' '-

5. '-- ' '' -"" '- '-- -' '-

6. Mendenhall, "Covenant," 717-18.

7. Mendenhall, ... Interpretation 20 (...), ...

8. Mendenhall, "Covenant," 718-21.

9. Mendenhall, "Covenant," 721-22. Another renewal of an old covenant is that of renewal the priestly covenant as depicted in Zech 3 (see esp. vv. 6-7 where a covenantal stipulations casted [put] upon the new priest and a testimony of the covenant by an angel are mentioned. The reviolating of this covenant is mentioned in Malakhi 2:1-8.

10. For the social reform of Nehamiah in comparison to the social reform of Solon, see M. Weinfeld, ...

11. There is no explicit term for committing an oath in 2 Kgs 3. Nevertheless, the ceremony depicted there, and the emphasizing of the term oath by Jeremiah, when depicting his disappointment of the violating of this pledge, seems to demonstrate that that pledge was done by an oath (see Jer 5:2; 7:9; 8:8).

12. -' ' ''" ' -'

13. For this term see S. Talmon The New Covenanters of Qumran, Scientiphic American 225 (1971), 73-80); idem, ' - '- ' -' '- ''.

14. '' ''- -' -'-, ' '-' ' -- ".

15. The translation of the text into English follows that of Charlesworth edition (...).

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17. According to Jub 22 Abraham's testament to Jacob, of which he inherited him the commandments of God was on the day of the festival of the Pentecost, which was celebrated the renewal of the covenant (see v. 15). According to Jub 44 :1-8 Jacob observed the festival of the Pentecost, on the fifteenth of the third month, and delayed his journey to Egypt to the sixteenth of this month.

18. The strategy of inheritance is mentioned explicitly in Jub 19:17-29 (see esp. vv. 24 and 27), but there only the blessings of the covenant are mentioned, and not the pledge of observing the laws.

19. According to the prologue of the book of Jubilees and its epilogue, the book of Jubilees is considered as this testimony.

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23. For the use of the concept of covenant renewal in the Deuteronomic concept of reformational establishments see M. Weinfeld, From Joshua to Josiah (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1992), 134-139 (Hebrew). ' -- '-'' ' '" "- ''-'' '"'''

24. For the system held in the book of Jubilees of setting out new interpretations to the Law of Moses, see above, chapter II.

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26. ' - ' "' -'"' '''

27. ' - '- -'''

28. See CD 1:14-2:1, and cf. 1QpHab 2:2-3 about the trai[tors to] the New [Covenant] who [did] not [believe the words of] the Teacher of Righteousness .

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30. '-- - '' ' -"-''" '"- -'-

31. See, e.g. Jos 24:14-25; ...

32. J. Licht, The Rule Scroll (Jerusalem: Bialik Institute, 1965), ... has explained the difference between the Qumranic and the rabbinic opinion regarding this dilemma.

33. The translation into English follows Charlesworths edition.

34. See also the following phrases of 1QS 9:24-25; 1QS 10:12-13a; 1QHa 16:10; and see 1QHa 2:20-29 about the explanation held by the author of the Thanksgiving Scroll for the dilemma of the suffering of the righteous despite of being chosen by God to hold His covenant.

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36. ' "' - ' "- '-'', ' '- ''. ', ' -, - '' '' ''" '"' - - ' - '" 10 '-''"' 12

37. "- "' '- - '-' - "' ''' -" 3, '' 22-25

38. Cf. 1QM 14:4-5, 8-10, 12.

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