Yirmiyahu, I reread p. 197 (by Sussmann) in DJD X and did not find "oral torah" mentioned. Indeed oral torah according to Pharisaic and Rabbinic views is old. Essenes and Sadducees revered *torah* but had different views. To impose the Pharisee view or to retroject the Rabbinic view on Essenes or Sadducees would, in my opinion, distort history. Stephen Goranson goranson@duke.edu